Monday, December 10, 2012

fort on grounds of St. Clair's defeat



On December 23, 1793, Major Burbeck and Captain Alexander Gibson led a detachment northwest from Fort Greene Ville to the site of St. Clair's 1791 defeat. With the distance being about 23 miles, Wayne decided to build a fort at that site, Fort Recovery.
Upon their December 24 arrival, the legion immediately began burying more than 600 dead from St. Clair's defeat. On December 25, after burying the dead, the legion began construction of the new fort. Wayne named it Fort Recovery because of the nearby recovery of the battlefield, the dead soldiers, and most of St. Clair's lost artillery. (Wayne had previously considered naming it Fort Defiance or Fort Restitution.)
This fort had a square design with four blockhouses that were each 20-foot square. Each of the corner blockhouses were placed at an angle so that three of the sides faced outward. All four blockhouses were built simultaneously in case of an Indian attack. The palisades were 15 feet high and were made of strong and sturdy timber. The walls also had shutters on the musket portholes so that they can be closed when the muskets are being reloaded. The adjacent land around the fort was cleared for about 100 feet in all directions. Although most of the men returned to Fort Greene Ville on December 27, some stayed behind to finish the fort. After the fort was completed, Captain Gibson remained behind with 300 men to man the fort. Captain Gibson and his men built a projecting second story on each blockhouse and a cupola on each roof for lookout posts. The men also dug a tunnel to the Wabash River for water and built a 12-foot by 14-foot icehouse.
On June 30, 1794, after a supply convoy under Major William McMahon had arrived the fort the previous night, the Indians attacked the convoy. The Indians numbered nearly 2,000 warriors and the convoy party consisted of about 100 infantrymen and about 50 dragoons.
Soldiers from the fort ran out to assist the convoy but were overwhelmed by the Indians. The survivors all retreated into the fort. Most of the 300 pack animals were driven into the forest. The number of Americans killed were 22, including McMahon, Captain Hartshorn, and Lieutenant Craig. The number of Americans wounded were 30, including Captain Taylor and Lieutenant Darke.
Instead of looting the supplies, the Indians made a frontal attack on the fort and were repulsed with heavy losses. The Indians made another attack the following day and were again repulsed.
After their discouraging defeat, some of the Indian tribes from the northern Great Lakes region deserted and returned home. This desertion would mean fewer Indians for Wayne to fight.

No comments:

Post a Comment