Monday, December 10, 2012

Greeneville



On September 11, 1793, Wayne moved his legion northward from the Cincinnati area. By October 14, Wayne's legion was 5-6 miles north of Fort Jefferson. Here, Wayne saw a suitable site for a fort (present-day Greenville, Ohio). This site was located on ground that overlooked the confluence of the Greenville and Mud Creeks to the north and a broad prairie to the southwest.
Major Henry Burbeck, an artillery officer, was chosen by Wayne to design this fort, along with his other forts. Wayne named it Fort Greene Ville, after his Revolutionary War compatriot, General Nathaniel Greene.
This new fort would be much larger than the previous forts and was more like a military city. Along the center of each wall was a blockhouse. Because of the presence of the creek and the topography, the northern and western walls were irregularly shaped.
While the fort was under construction, Wayne ordered each company to build six huts for themselves. These huts, which were located about 150 feet from the fort, served as both temporary shelters and fortifications. These buildings would later become council houses for the Indians during the Greenville Treaty talks in 1795.
The interior of the fort was divided into eight squared sections, which were more like city blocks. The roads between these squares were about 87 feet wide. The fort had barracks for 2,000 men, quarters for the officers and staff, gardens, bakeries, black-smith shops, hospital stores, a powder magazine, a tannery, a slaughterhouse, and frame houses for both Wayne and Wilkinson.
The enlisted men's barracks were arranged in two rows around the eastern and southern walls. Each of these barracks measured 14 by 17 feet and had fireplaces, chimneys, and clapboard roofs. One barrack hut held about 10 men.
Aside from building the main fort, eight blockhouses were constructed around the fort at distances of about 750 feet from the fort. Three of them were located in the front of the fort, three in the rear, and two along the sides. The two blockhouses that were located across the creeks had their own palisades. On November 21, the fort was completed.
Wayne's legion also built bridges over the nearby creeks and ravines and stables for some of the horses. Instead of building barracks and stables for his dragoons and their horses, Wayne sent them back to Kentucky for the winter.
Much of Wayne's army stayed at Fort Greene Ville throughout the winter. On July 28, 1794, after receiving more supplies and reinforcements, Wayne moved his army of 3,500 northward. He left Major John Buell with 150 men behind to man the fort.

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